What is IV Contrast?
IV contrast (also called contrast dye) is a substance injected into a vein to improve the visibility of blood vessels, organs, and certain abnormalities on imaging studies. For CT scans, iodine-based contrast is used. For MRI scans, gadolinium-based contrast is used.
Possible Risks and Side Effects
Most patients experience no side effects. Known risks include:
- Mild reactions (most common): Nausea, warmth, flushing, mild hives, itching, metallic taste. Usually self-limiting.
- Moderate reactions (uncommon): Vomiting, significant hives, mild bronchospasm. Treated with medication.
- Severe reactions (rare, ~1 in 10,000): Severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis), drop in blood pressure, severe bronchospasm, loss of consciousness. Emergency treatment available on-site.
- Contrast-Induced Nephropathy (CIN): Temporary worsening of kidney function in patients with existing kidney disease. Rare at standard doses.
- Gadolinium retention (MRI contrast): Trace amounts of gadolinium may deposit in tissues; clinical significance unknown for standard doses.
- Extravasation: Rare leakage of contrast outside the vein — may cause swelling, pain, and rarely tissue injury.
Risk Factors That Must Be Reported
Your risk of a reaction may be increased if you have any of the following. Please disclose all that apply: